Selectable one-way clutch having strut with separate armature

ABSTRACT

A selectable one-way clutch includes a clutch module and at least one electromagnetic actuator module. Each electromagnetic actuator module includes at least one electromagnetic actuator assembly having a coil assembly, a locking strut, and a connection member mechanically interconnected to the locking strut for moving it between released and deployed positions in response to energization of the coil assembly.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/906,097 filed Jan. 19, 2016, which is a U.S. National StageApplication of International Patent Application No. PCT/CA2014/000586filed Jul. 29, 2014, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/859,514 filed Jul. 29, 2013 and U.S.Provisional Application 61/866,755 filed Aug. 16, 2013. The disclosureof each of the aforementioned applications is incorporated by referenceas if fully set forth in its entirety herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure is generally related to overrunning couplingdevices such as one-way clutches or brakes and, more specifically toselectable one-way coupling (SOWC) devices having an electromagneticactuator assembly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This section provides background information related to the presentdisclosure which is not necessarily prior art.

Automatic transmissions provide a plurality of forward and reverse speedor gear ratios by selectively actuating one or more clutches and/orbrakes to establish a torque-transmitting drive connection between atransmission input and a transmission output for supplying motive power(i.e., drive torque) from a powertrain to a driveline in a motorvehicle. One type of brake or clutch widely used in automatictransmission is an overrunning coupling device, commonly referred to asa one-way clutch (OWC), which overruns when one of its races (in radialcoupling configuration) or one of its drive plates (in axial couplingconfigurations) rotates in a first (i.e., freewheel) direction relativeto the other race or drive plate, and engages or locks in a second(i.e., lockup) direction. Such conventional overrunning coupling devicesprovide no independent control over their modes of operation, that is tosay whether they lockup or freewheel in both directions. Thus, basicone-way clutches provide a “locked” mode in one rotary direction and a“freewheel” mode in the opposite direction based on the direction thatthe drive torque is being applied to the input race or drive plate.

There are however, requirements in modern automatic transmissions wherea “controllable” overrunning coupling device, commonly referred to as aselectable one-way clutch (SOWC), can be selectively controlled toprovide additional functional modes of operation. Specifically, aselectable one-way clutch may further be capable of providing afreewheel mode in both rotary directions until a command signal (i.e.,from the transmission controller) causes a power-operated actuator toshift the coupling device into its lockup mode. Thus, a selectableone-way clutch may be capable of providing a drive connection between aninput member and an output member in one or both rotational directionsand it may also be operable to freewheel in one or both directions.

In some instances, the selectable one-way clutches installed inautomatic transmissions utilize a hydraulic actuator to selectivelyactuate the overrunning coupling and shift between the availableoperating modes. Examples of conventional selectable one-way clutchesthat are hydraulically-actuated are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.6,290,044, 8,079,453 and 8,491,439. In contrast, it is also known to usean electro-mechanical actuator with the selectable one-way clutch, oneexample of which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,196,724.

As a further alternative, much development has recently been directed toelectromagnetic actuators for use with selectable one-way clutches,examples of which are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,276,725 and8,418,825 and U.S. Publication 2013/0319810. In most electromagneticactuators, a rocker-type locking element, commonly referred to as astrut, is pivoted from a first position to a second position in responseto energization of a coil assembly. In most conventional selectableone-way clutches equipped with an electromagnetic actuator, adirect-acting configuration is used such that the strut is part of themagnetic circuit and its pivotal movement is caused by an attractionforce applied directly to the strut via energization of the coilassembly. Therefore, precise control of the air gap established betweenthe core/pole piece of the coil assembly and the strut is required toprovide robust and reliable lockup functionality.

While all of the different types of selectable one-way clutchesmentioned above appear to meet all functional requirements, a needexists to continue development of new and improved power-operatedactuators that advance the art and provide enhanced functionality.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This section provides a general summary of the disclosure and is notintended to be interpreted as a complete and comprehensive disclosure ofall of its aspects, objectives, features and advantages.

It is an aspect of the present disclosure to provide an electromagneticactuator module for use with a selectable one-way clutch having anindirect actuation configuration provided between the energizable coilassembly and the locking element.

It is another aspect to provide a selectable one-way clutch assemblycomprised of a clutch mode and at least one electromagnetic actuatormodule having at least one electromagnetic actuator. The electromagneticactuator includes an energizeable coil assembly, a locking strut, and anintermediate member mechanically connected to the locking strut andoperable to move the locking strut between its released and lockedpositions relative to cam surfaces on a clutch member associated withthe clutch module.

In accordance with these and other aspects of the present disclosure, aclutch assembly is provided having a clutch module and at least oneelectromagnetic actuator module. The clutch module includes a firstclutch member and a second clutch member having a plurality of camsurfaces, at least one of the first and second clutch members beingadapted to rotate relative to the other clutch member. Theelectromagnetic actuator module may include a frame adapted to bemounted to the first clutch member and at least one electromagneticactuator mounted to the frame. The electromagnetic actuator includes anenergizeable coil assembly secured to the frame, a connection membermounted to the frame for pivotal movement relative to the coil assemblybetween a non-actuated position and an actuated position, a lockingmember mechanically interconnected to the connection member for movementbetween a released position and a deployed position in response topivotal movement of the connection member between its non-actuatedposition and its actuated position, and a biasing member for normallybiasing the locking member into its released position. Energization ofthe coil assembly generates a magnetic circuit that causes theconnection member to move to its actuated position which concomitantlycauses the locking member to move to its deployed position in oppositionto the biasing exerted by the biasing member. The locking member isreleased from engagement with the cam surfaces when located in itsreleased position and is lockingly engaged with one of the cam surfaceswhen located in its deployed position.

In accordance with one embodiment, the connection member is a magneticarmature having a first end segment pivotably coupled to the frame and asecond end segment mechanically interconnected to the locking member. Inone preferred arrangement, the armature and locking member are orientedin an offset configuration. In another preferred arrangement, thearmature is oriented to be located between the coil assembly and thelocking member in an under-strut configuration.

In accordance with another embodiment, the coil assembly is a solenoidhaving a linearly-moveable plunger operably coupled to the connectionmember to control movement of the connection member in response toenergization of the solenoid.

Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will becomeapparent from the detailed description, drawings and specific exampleprovided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detaileddescription, drawings and specific examples, while indicating preferredembodiments of the present disclosure, are intended for purposes ofillustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of theinvention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only ofselected embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure. The inventive concepts associated with the presentdisclosure will be more readily understood by reference to the followingdescription in combination with the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a selectable one-way clutch (SOWC) shownto include a clutch module and an electromagnetic actuator module andwhich is constructed in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 1 showing components of theelectromagnetic actuator module in greater detail;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the electromagnetic actuator module takengenerally along line 3-3 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is another sectional view of the electromagnetic actuator module;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a selectable one-way clutch which isgenerally similar to the selectable one-way clutch of FIG. 1, but nowshowing a plurality of electromagnetic actuator modules associated withthe clutch module;

FIG. 6 is a detailed view of an alternative configuration for anelectromagnetic actuator module adapted for use in association with theclutch module;

FIG. 7 is a detailed view of yet another alternative configuration foran electromagnetic actuator module adapted for use in association withthe clutch module;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the electromagnetic actuator module shownin FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a detailed side view of a bi-directional electromagneticactuator module constructed in accordance with the present disclosureand arranged for use in association with a bi-directional version of theclutch module;

FIG. 10 is a detailed view of a selectable one-way clutch equipped withan alternative embodiment of a bi-directional electromagnetic actuatormodule for use in association with the bi-directional clutch module ofFIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the bi-directional electromagneticactuator module shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an electromagneticactuator module constructed in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken through the electromagnetic actuatormodule of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is another sectional view taken through the electromagneticactuator module of FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 is a sectional view illustrating a magnetic leakage path betweenthe strut and the housing in direct-acting electromagnetic actuatormodules;

FIGS. 16A through 16C are perspective view of a tapered pole piece/strutconfiguration for the direct-acting electromagnetic actuator modulesconstructed in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a side view of an electromagnetic actuator module adapted foruse with the clutch module and having a moveable armature arranged tocontrol pivotal movement of the strut, wherein the armature and strutare oriented in an “offset” configuration;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an alternative version of theelectromagnetic actuator module shown in FIG. 17, with the armatureoriented in an “under-strut” configuration;

FIG. 19 is a sectional view taken through the electromagnetic actuatormodule of FIG. 18;

FIGS. 20 and 21 are perspective views of alternative constructions forthe under-strut electromagnetic actuator module of FIG. 18 incorporatingtapered pole arrangements;

FIG. 22 is an isometric view of another alternative constructions forthe under-strut electromagnetic actuator module of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 23 is a side view of FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is a sectional view of the electromagnetic actuator module ofFIG. 22 illustrating the strut positioned in a first or non-deployedposition;

FIG. 25 is a sectional view of the electromagnetic actuator module ofFIG. 22 illustrating the strut positioned in a second or deployedposition;

FIG. 26 is a sectional view of the electromagnetic actuator module shownin FIG. 18 equipped with a single coil type of coil assembly;

FIG. 27 is an isometric perspective view showing the electromagneticactuator module of FIG. 18 with the strut located in its deployedposition;

FIG. 28 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 26 but illustrating anelectromagnetic actuator module equipped with a double coil type of coilassembly;

FIG. 29 is a detailed view of the double coil assembly shown in FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is an isometric view similar to FIG. 27 but now showing thedouble coil assembly of FIGS. 28 and 29;

FIG. 31 illustrates yet another embodiment of an under-strut type ofelectromagnetic actuator module constructed in accordance with thepresent disclosure; and

FIG. 32 is a sectional view of a further embodiment of an under-strutelectromagnetic actuator module of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference tothe accompanying drawings. Each of the example embodiments is directedto an electromagnetically-actuated overrunning coupling device,hereinafter referred to as a selectable one-way clutch (SOWC). Ingeneral, each example embodiment employs one or more electromagneticactuator modules in a SOWC which advances the technology overconventional SOWC products. However, the example embodiments only areprovided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully conveythe scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific detailsare set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, andmethods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of thepresent disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art thatspecific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may beembodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed tolimit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments,well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-knowntechnologies are not described in detail.

The present disclosure is generally related to electromechanical rockerclutches that function to transmit torque mechanically but which areactuated via electrical actuation/controls. When a voltage and/orcurrent is applied to an electromagnetic coil assembly or a plurality ofcoil assemblies, the coil assemblies becomes an electromagnet andproduces a magnetic field. The magnetic flux flows around a magneticcircuit established between the components and is transferred across asmall air gap between a moveable rocker-type locking member, commonlyreferred to as a strut, and a core/pole unit associated with the coilassembly. Magnetization of the core/pole unit functions to magneticallyattract the strut for moving the strut from a first or “released”position toward a second or “locked” position. The strut is normallybiased toward its released position by a biasing spring. In accordancewith alternative arrangements, the magnetic flux flows around themagnetic circuit and is transferred across a small air gap establishedbetween a moveable armature and a core/pole unit associated with thecoil assembly. Magnetization of the core/pole unit functions tomagnetically attract the armature for moving the armature from a firstor “non-actuated” position toward a second or “actuated” position. Theresulting movement of the armature from its first position to its secondposition causes the strut to move from its “released” position towardits “locked” position based on a mechanical connection establishedbetween the strut and the armature. The coil assembly, the armature, andthe strut define an electromagnetic actuator that is mounted to a firstmember of a clutch module.

Movement of the strut to its locked position causes a locking segment ofthe strut to engage one of a plurality of locking teeth associated witha second member of the clutch module, thereby coupling the first memberto the second member for rotation together or against rotation in acertain rotational direction. Disengagement occurs as the voltage and/orcurrent is removed from the coil assembly such that the strut or thearmature is demagnetized and freed from attraction toward the core ofthe coil assembly. As such, the biasing member is permitted to forciblyurge the strut to pivot from its locked position back to its releasedposition which, in turn, causes the armature to move from its actuatedposition to its non-actuated position.

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a clutchassembly, generally shown at 10, of the type, for example, for use in anautomatic transmission (not shown) which is controlled using an on-offrelay to actuate a clutch mechanism. Clutch assembly 10 is disclosed tobe a controllable overrunning coupling device, commonly referred to as aselectable one-way clutch (SOWC). For the purpose of this application,the term “clutch assembly” should be interpreted to include couplings,clutches and brakes wherein one component is driveably connected to atorque delivery component of the transmission while the other componentis driveably connected to another torque delivery component or isnon-rotatably fixed to a transmission housing or stationary component.As such, the terms “coupling”, “clutch” and brake may be usedinterchangeably.

Referring to the drawings, and initially to FIGS. 1-4, there is provideda clutch assembly 10 having a clutch module 11 and at least oneelectromagnetic actuation module 14. The clutch module 11 includes afirst clutch member 12 supporting the at least one elctromagneticactuation module 14, and a second clutch member 16 having a plurality ofcam surfaces 17 formed thereon which are configured for selectiveengagement with a moveable locking element associated withelectromagnetic actuation module 14. The clutch members 12 and 16 arealigned co-axially adjacent to each other and at least one of the clutchmembers is adapted to rotate relative to the other clutch member. Theclutch members 12 and 16 include engagement hubs or splines 12 a and 16a respectively to facilitate connection of each to another rotary ornon-rotary component of the transmission.

The electromagnetic actuation module 14 is generally shown to include aframe 18 with a single electromagnetic actuator 15. The electromagneticactuator 15 includes a locking element or strut 20 that is pivotallymovable with respect to frame 18 about a pivot 22. Frame 18 is adaptedto be fixedly secured to first clutch member 12 in the particularconfiguration shown. The strut 20 includes an engagement end segment 26and a base end segment 24 and further includes a first side segment 28and a second side segment 30. A pin or post 32 extends from the frame18. The electromagnetic actuator 15 also includes a coil assembly 35mounted on post 32. The coil assembly 35 includes an insulated bobbin 34with an energizable coil 36 that is wound to surround the bobbin 34, anda U-shaped pole member 37 that is secured magnetically and mechanicallyto the post 32 by way of a screw or other fastener 39. The U-shaped polemember 37 includes a pair of laterally-spaced actuation leg sections 38and 40 interconnected by a base segment 41. A biasing spring 42 (such asthe accordion spring shown) is provided in a bore 44 formed in post 32of frame 18. At rest, the biasing spring 42 acts on the strut 20 andbiases the engagement end segment 26 out of engagement with the camsurfaces 17 to provide a normally disengaged or freewheeling condition,whereby second clutch member 16 is permitted to rotate relative to firstclutch member 12. The peripheral ends 46 and 48 of pole leg segments 38and 40 form a magnetic air gap with respect to the base end segment 24of the strut 20.

When the coil 36 is energized, the peripheral ends 46 and 48 of the legsegments 38 and 40 are polarized in a first polarity and the frame 18and the strut 20 are polarized with an opposite polarity, therebyattracting base end segment 24 of the strut 20 toward the peripheralends 46 and 48. This attraction causes the engagement end segment 26 ofthe strut 20 to pivot into engagement with one of the cam surfaces 17 onthe second clutch member 16.

Typically, the electromagnetic actuation module 14 may be contained inor mounted to metallic frame 18. Thus, in the present invention, theframe 18 can be used as an integral component of the magnetic circuitfor controlling actuation of the clutch assembly 10. When the coil 36 ispowered, the frame 18 is magnetized and will take a particular polarity(i.e., either north or south as may be desired) that is opposite from apolarity of the magnetic poles of the actuator which, in this instance,is the U-shaped pole member 37. Since the frame 18 is in contact withstruts, the struts will be magnetized with the same polarity as theframe 18. In this application, the attraction force between the strutends and the magnetic poles of the U-shaped pole member 37 (i.e., acrossthe air gap between them) is greatly increased as compared with the casewhere the struts carry a neutral charge from a magnetic perspective.

While the strut 20 is shown to be pivotably supported on a pin 22 fromframe 18, it is to be appreciated by those skilled in the art that thestrut can also be configured for pivotable movement within a recessformed in frame 18 or, in the alternative, formed within a suitablehousing portion of the first member 12. FIG. 15 is generally similar toFIG. 1 except that a plurality of electromagnetic actuation modules 14are shown in association with clutch module 11. Specifically, aplurality of four (4) equally-spaced actuation modules 14 are secured tofirst clutch member 12 of clutch module 11. Obviously, any number ofactuation modules 14 can be used, as well as circumferentially spaced inany desired orientation, to provide a selectable one-way clutchassembly.

As can be seen from FIG. 6, an alternative embodiment of anelectromagnetic actuation module 14A is generally similar toelectromagnetic actuation module 14 of FIG. 2, except that a pair ofstruts and coil electromagnetic actuators 15 are mounted to a commonframe 18′. Each electromagnetic actuator 15 is identified by commonreference numerals, but has “a” and “b” suffixes. Accordingly, all ofthe coils 36 a and 36 b (e.g., two in the embodiment shown) will worktogether to magnetize frame 18; thereby increasing the magnetic fieldintensity and generating a greater magnetic attraction force in thestruts 20 a, 20 b for pivoting them from the released position towardthe deployed or locked position.

Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 8, there is provided another alternateembodiment of an electromagnetic actuation module 14B for use withclutch assembly 10. Actuation module 14B includes a pair of pivotalstruts 112 and 114 which pivot on pins 116 and 118 respectively, and areattached to a frame 120 that is rigidly secured to first clutch member12. A pole component 122 is provided which includes a first or frontU-shaped member 124 and a second or rear U-shaped member 126 which aremagnetically and electrically coupled to one another through aconnection base member 128. Front U-shaped member 124 includes a pair ofleg segments defining outer peripheral end portions 130 and 132 whichengage the first sides of the struts 112 and 114. Rear U-shaped member126 includes a pair of leg segments defining inner peripheral endportions (not shown) which are generally aligned respectively with outerperipheral end portions 130 and 132 and which engage the rear sides ofstruts 112 and 114. A single coil assembly having a central bobbin 134and a coil winding 136 energizes the pole component 122 for providingthe coordinated actuation of the multiple struts. It will be readilyappreciated that while two struts are shown in association withelectromagnetic actuator module 14B, this invention could be configuredto actuate more than just two struts if desired. As best shown in FIG.8, biasing springs 138 and 140 are provided for normally biasing thestruts 112 and 114 into a freewheeling position. FIGS. 7 and 8illustrate energization of coil 136 for causing the engagement endsegments of the struts 112, 114 to be moved into engagement with ratchetteeth 17 on second clutch member 16.

FIG. 9 shows the use of a pair of mirror-image electromagnetic actuationmodules 14 and 14′ of the type originally shown in FIGS. 1-4 and asdiscussed above with the mirror image parts being labeled with primednumbers. The second clutch member 16′ in this embodiment includesbi-directional cam members 17 and 17′. In operation, either actuationmodule, or sets of modules 14 or 14′, can be energized depending on thedirection which is desired for engaging or rotating the second clutchmember 16′ with respect to first clutch member 12. Accordingly, FIG. 9illustrates a bi-directional selectable clutch assembly 10′.

Referring now to FIGS. 10 and 11 there is shown another embodiment of abi-directional selectable clutch assembly 10″ equipped with anelectromagnetic actuation module 210. In this particular embodiment, asymmetrical strut member 212 is pivotally attached by a pin 214 to aframe 216. A pair of U-shaped pole members 218 and 220 with separatecoil and bobbin assemblies 222 and 224 are used to selectively actuatethe strut 212 from a freewheel position. Biasing springs 228 and 230 areprovided for cooperatively biasing the strut 212 to its free-wheelingposition. FIG. 10 shows first coil/bobbin assembly 222 energized tocause strut 212 to move from its free-wheeling position into a firstlocked position such that end segment 212 a engages cam surface 17 onclutch member 226 and prevents relative rotation in a first direction.In contrast, FIG. 11 shows second coil/bobbin assembly 224 energized tocause strut 212 to move from the free-wheeling position to a secondlocked position such that its end segment 212 b engages cam surface 17′on clutch member 226 and prevents relative rotation in a seconddirection.

Referring now to FIGS. 12 through 15, another alternative constructionfor an electromagnetic actuator module 14C is disclosed that isgenerally similar to electromagnetic actuator module 14 of FIG. 2 withthe exception that a plurality of three electromagnetic actuators 300are mounted to a common frame 302 that is adapted to be rigidly securedto first clutch member 12 of the clutch module. Each electromagneticactuator 300 includes a strut 304, a coil assembly 306, a U-shaped polemember 308, and a biasing member 310. Struts 304 include a pivot endsegment 312 and an engagement end segment 314. Pivot end segment 312 ofeach strut 304 is seated in an axially-extending pivot channel 316formed in a recessed portion 318 of frame 302. Each biasing member 310is seated within a radial bore 320 formed in recessed portion 318 and isarranged to engage a surface portion 322 of pivot end segment 312 on acorresponding strut 304. Biasing members 310 are arranged to normallybias struts 304 to the released position shown. “Contoured” air gaps areestablished between surface portion 322 on pivot end segment 312 of eachstrut 304 and terminal ends 324, 326 of legs 325, 327 on each U-shapedpole member 308. This air gap is best illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15.

U-shaped pole member 308 is secured magnetically and mechanically to apost portion 328 of coil assemblies 306 via a fastener 330. When coilassemblies 306 are energized, a magnetic circuit is established whichcauses pivot end segment 312 of struts 304 to pivot within pivotchannels 316, in opposition to the biasing force applied thereon bybiasing members 310, and cause engagement end segments 314 to move toits locked/deployed position for engagement with cam surfaces 17 onsecond clutch member 16. Since struts 304 are part of the magneticcircuit, they tend to be attracted to poles 325, 327 as well as frame302.

To improve the magnetic attraction, the air gap between poles 325, 327and struts 304 can be reduced as the force of attraction increases withreductions in the air gap. To achieve this improvement, a “tapered”profile is provided to one of surface 322 of struts 304 and/or terminalends 324, 326 of poles 325, 327. FIGS. 16A through 16C illustrate aspecific example of such a tapered profile. In particular, each terminalend 324, 326 has an acute attraction surface 340 cooperating with afacing arcuate surface 342 formed on opposite edges of each pivot end312 of struts 304. The profiles of surfaces 340 and 342 are notcomplimentary and are configured to reduce the air gap therebetween asstruts 304 pivot from their released position toward their deployedposition. The complex profile of each surface 340 and 342 is illustratedto be indicative of any non-complimentary surfaces intentionallyconfigured to vary the magnetic attraction force. In contrast, FIG. 15illustrates a sectional view of non-tapered or complimentary surfacesassociated with pivot end of struts 304 and terminal end surfaces 324,326 of poles 325, 327. As illustrated, in such direct-acting actuatingsystems, a leakage path (Arrows 341) in the magnetic field occursbetween struts and frame. Even though this leakage field is weak, theattraction forced produced is counter to the attraction force producedin the primary working gaps.

In an effort to address and overcome known deficiencies in direct-actingstrut-type electromagnetic actuators, the present disclosure is alsodirected to a number of “indirect” strut-type electromagnetic actuatorsthat are configured to integrate an intermediate element between thecoil assembly and the strut. In particular, an improved selectableone-way clutch is provided which eliminates, or at least greatlyreduces, the magnetic field in the strut by introducing a magneticarmature which the magnetic poles of the coil assembly act upon. As willbe detailed, the armature pivots about a point in the frame/housing andhas features which mechanically engage the end segment of the strut andwhich functions to control pivotal movement of the strut.

Referring now to FIG. 17, an electromagnetic actuator module 14D for usewith the clutch module 11 in a selectable one-way clutch is shown toinclude an electromagnetic actuator 400 having a frame 402, a coilassembly 404, an armature 406, and a strut 408. Frame 402 is adapted tobe rigidly secured to first clutch member 12 and includes a recessedpocket or chamber defining an armature chamber 410 and a strut chamber412. Armature 406 is elongated magnetic component having a first endsegment 414, a second end segment 416, and an underside surface 418.First end segment 416 is retained in a pivot channel 420 formed inarmature chamber 410 to facilitate pivotal movement of armature 406relative to coil assembly 404 between a first or “non-actuated” position(shown) and a second or “actuated” position.

Strut 408 is an elongated non-magnetized component having a base endsegment 422 and an engagement end segment 424. As seen, second endsegment 416 of armature 406 is retained in a coupling channel 426 formedin base end segment 422 of strut 408. Likewise, base end segment 422 ofstrut 408 is disposed within a pivot channel 428 formed in strut chamber412. A biasing spring (not shown) is retained in a bore formed in pivotchannel 428 and acts against base end segment 422 to normally bias strut408 toward its released position shown. The mechanical interactionbetween strut 408 and armature 406 is designed to locate armature 406 inits non-actuated position when strut 408 is in its released position.Note that strut 408 engages a locator post 430 when located in itsreleased position.

Coil assembly 404 is generally similar to those previously described andincludes a U-shaped pole component 434 and, coil windings 436 on abobbin 438 which are rigidly connected via a center core (not shown) toframe 402 via a suitable fastener (not shown). Upon energization of coilwindings 436, the magnetic circuit generated causes armature 406 to beattracted to end segments 440 of the laterally-spaced arm segments 442(one shown) associated with U-shaped pole component 434, thereby causingarmature 406 to pivot from its non-actuated position toward its actuatedposition. Such pivotal movement of armature 406 causes concomitantpivotal movement of strut 408 from its released position to itsdeployed/locked position due to the mechanical connection establishedtherebetween.

The electromagnetic actuator module 14D can be used in association witha single electromagnetic actuator 400 (similar to FIG. 1); a pluralityof actuator electromagnetic modules 14D arranged circumferentiallyaround first clutch member 12 (similar to FIG. 5); arranged in aplurality of actuators 400 as part of a subassembly (similar to FIG. 6);arranged in a mirror-image configuration (similar to FIG. 9); or in anyother suitable arrangement in association with a selectable one-wayclutch. The configuration shown in FIG. 17 is referred to as an “offset”arrangement where armature 406 and strut 408 are aligned in a lengthwiseorientation.

Referring now to FIGS. 18 and 19, an “under-strut” configuration for anindirect-acting electromagnetic actuator 500 installed in anelectromagnetic actuator module 14E is shown and which is also adaptedfor use with the clutch module 11 in a selectable one-way clutch.Electromagnetic actuator module 14E is shown to generally include aframe 502 and at least one electromagnetic actuator 500. Eachelectromagnetic actuator 500 includes a coil assembly 504, an armature506 and a strut 508. Frame 502 is adapted to be rigidly secured to firstclutch member 12 and includes a recessed chamber 510. Armature 506 is anelongated magnetic component having a first end segment 514, a secondend segment 516, and an underside surface 518. First end segment 514 isretained in a pivot channel 520 formed in chamber 510 to facilitatepivotal movement of armature 506 relative to coil assembly 504 betweenits non-actuated position (FIG. 18) and its actuated position (FIG. 19).

Strut 508 is an elongated non-magnetized component having a base endsegment 522 and an engagement end segment 524. As seen, second endsegment 516 of armature 506 is retained in a U-shaped channel 526 formedin base end segment 522 of strut 508. Base end segment 522 is disposedwithin a pivot channel 528 formed in chamber 510. A biasing spring (notshown) is retained in a bore formed in frame 502 which is incommunication with pivot channel 528. The biasing spring acts againstbase end segment 522 of strut 508 to normally bias strut 508 toward itsreleased position (FIG. 18). The mechanical interaction between armature506 and strut 508 is configured to locate armature 506 in itsnon-actuated position when strut 508 is biased into its releasedposition.

Coil assembly 504 is again generally similar to those previouslydescribed and includes a U-shaped pole member 534 and a coil winding 536on a bobbin 538, both of which are rigidly connected via a core post 539to frame 502 via a suitable fastener (not shown). Upon energization ofcoil windings 536, the magnetic circuit generated causes armature 506 tobe attracted to end segments 540A, 540B of a pair of laterally-spacedarm segments 542A, 542B on pole component 534. FIG. 19 illustrates themagnetic flux path and the working gaps upon energization of coilassembly 504. This attraction causes armature 506 to pivot from itsnon-actuated position toward its actuated position which, in turn,concomitantly causes pivotal movement of strut 508 from its releasedposition toward its deployed/locked position.

The under-strut arrangement disclosed in FIGS. 18 and 19 provides acompact actuator assembly 500 that can be readily adapted for use in anyof the clutch assembly configurations previously disclosed. In addition,the location of the biasing spring can be varied to directly engageeither strut 508 or a portion of armature 506 within chamber 510 so longas it functions to normally bias the interconnect components to thenon-actuated/released positions.

Referring now to FIGS. 20 and 21, modified versions of the under-strutelectromagnetic actuator 500′ for use with electromagnetic actuatormodule 14E of FIGS. 18 and 19 are disclosed to incorporate the “tapered”pole features previously disclosed. Specifically, electromagneticactuator 500′ of FIG. 20 is generally similar to actuator assembly 500of FIG. 18 with the exception that armature 506′ and U-shaped polemember 534′ have been modified to provide a tapered working gap. Asseen, armature 506′ includes a pair of laterally-spaced leg sections 550(one shown) that are aligned with leg sections 542A′, 542B′ of polemember 534′. In particular, armature legs 556 each define an “angled”edge surface 552 aligned with an angled edge surface 540A′, 540B′.Armature 506′ is still pivotable between its non-actuated and actuatedpositions. The configuration of the tapered/angled air gaps is designedto locate the attractions force for applying torque around thearmature's pivot point. FIG. 21 is generally similar to FIG. 20 with theexception that actuate edge surfaces 552″ on armature 506″ are alignedwith arcuate edge surfaces 540A″, 540B″ on pole piece 534″. The termsangled and arcuate are intended to encompass all non-planarconfigurations that provide a tapered air gap profile.

As will be appreciated, the tapered pole arrangement shown in FIGS. 20and 21 in association with an under-strut configuration can likewise beimplemented with an offset electromagnetic actuator similar to thatshown in FIG. 17.

Referring now to FIGS. 22-25, another embodiment of an under-strutelectromagnetic actuator 600 is shown and which is also applicable foruse with all the previously disclosed clutch modules in a selectableone-way clutch. Electromagnetic actuator assembly 600 is generallysimilar to electromagnetic actuator 500 shown in FIGS. 18, 19, 26 and27, with the exception that the coil assembly 504 has been replaced withan electromagnetic solenoid assembly 604. As such, component 606 is nolonger a magnetized armature, but rather functions as a mechanicallinkage member 606. A linearly-moveable armature 608, associated withsolenoid assembly 604, is coupled to linkage member 606 via a post 610.A stem portion 612 of post 610 passes through an aperture 614 in housing502 and an aperture 615 in linkage member 606 and a head portion 616 isfixedly attached to stem portion 612. FIGS. 22, 23 and 24 illustratesthe location of the components when a solenoid coil 620 is not energizedsuch that strut 508 is biased (by the biasing member) to its releasedposition which, in turn, locates linkage member 606 in its non-actuatedposition. In contrast, FIG. 25 illustrates that, when solenoid coil 620is energized, armature 608 is retracted and head portion 616 acts onlinkage member 606 for forcibly moving it to its actuated positionwhich, in turn, results in pivotal movement of strut 508 to itsdeployed/locked position. Actuator assembly 600 is adapted to use inselectable one-way clutches if additional protection from contaminationis required due to solenoid assembly 604 being enclosed and directlymounted to frame 502.

As previously noted, FIGS. 26 and 27 illustrate under-strutelectromagnetic actuator assembly 500 in association with housing/frame502 of module 14E. In an effort to improve thermal performance (runcooler) and electrical draw (less current), more copper must be added tocoil winding 536. As an alternative, instead of mounting a single coilassembly on central leg/core member 539, FIGS. 28-30 illustrate anunder-strut electromagnetic actuator assembly 700 equipped with asmodified coil assembly 702 that is adapted for use in substitution forcoil assembly 504 (or 404 in FIG. 17). In this regard, coil assembly 702includes a bobbin 704 having a base portion 706 and a pair of spools708, 710 that are configured to surround a portion of leg sections 542A,542B of pole member 534. Coil windings 712, 714 are wound on respectivespools 708, 710 (not shown in FIG. 28). As such, significantly more coilwinding material can be utilized with coil assembly 702. Coils 712, 714are wound in a direction such that the flux is directed in the samemanner as a single coil design. The two coils 712, 714 can be connectedin series or parallel. This arrangement permits use of reduced currentdraws and operating temperatures. FIG. 30 indicates that additionalwindings can be wound on leg sections 542A, 542B.

FIG. 31 illustrates another version of an electromagnetic actuatorassembly 800 adapted for use with an previous actuator module and clutchmodule 11 to define a selectable one-way clutch in accordance with thepresent disclosure. In particular, a modified coil assembly 802 is shownassociated with many components similar to those of electromagneticactuator assemblies 500, 600 and 700, such that like reference numeralsare again used to identify the common components. Generally speaking,coil assembly 802 includes a pot-shaped base pole piece 804 having anelongated center pole section 806 about which the bobbin/windings 808 isinstalled within the internal toroidal chamber. An end 810 of base polepiece 804 is fixed within a retention aperture 812. Upon energization ofthe col assembly, armature 506 is magnetically attracted to center polesection 806, in opposition to the biasing force of the biasing spring(not shown), for causing pivotal movement of strut 508 to its deployedposition. Thus, a single center pole is employed with base 804 beingused as part of flux return path, thereby defining a pot-core magneticcircuit.

FIG. 32 illustrates yet another version of an electromagnetic actuatorassembly 900 adapted for use in association with an previously disclosedactuator module and/or clutch module to define a selectable one-wayclutch constructed in accordance with the present disclosure.Specifically, coil assembly 902 includes a pot-shaped base member 904having a center pole segment 906. Base pole member 904 is adapted to bemounted to frame 502 for connection to first clutch member 12 of theclutch module 11. A frusto-conical male end portion 908 of center pole906 is positioned in close proximity to a frusto-conical female endportion 910 of a linearly-moveable armature plunger 912. Armatureplunger 912 is slideably disposed within a bore 914 extending throughframe 502 and has a post segment 916 fixedly secured to a pivotalintermediate member 920. An isolator tube may be used to magneticallyisolate armature plunger 912 from housing 502. Intermediate member 920is identical in structure to armature 506 of assembly 500, but now isconfigured to only provide a mechanical connection between slidingarmature or plunger 912 and strut 508. An conical air gap 922 isprovided between plunger end portion 910 and male end portion 908 ofcenter pole 906. Upon energization, armature plunger 912 is retractedinwardly which, in turn, causes intermediate member 920 to pivot fromthe non-actuated position shown to its actuated position. As before,such pivotal movement of member 920 results in pivotal movement of strut508 from its released position into its deployed position. Since the airgap 422 is centrally located, its improves the attraction force andreduces flux leakage in the magnetic circuit.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided forpurposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or featuresof a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particularembodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be usedin a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described.The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to beregarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modificationsare intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A selectable one-way clutch, comprising: a clutchmodule including a first clutch member and a second clutch member havinga plurality of cam surfaces, wherein at least one of said first andsecond clutch members is adapted to rotate relative to the other of saidfirst and second clutch members; and an electromagnetic actuatorincluding an energizeable coil assembly secured to said first clutchmember, a first member mounted on said first clutch member for pivotalmovement relative to said coil assembly between a non-actuated positionand an actuated position, a second member mechanically coupled to saidfirst member such that movement of said first member between itsnon-actuated and actuated position causes concomitant pivotal movementof said second member between a released position displaced fromengagement with said cam surfaces on said second clutch member and alocked position in engagement with one of said cam surfaces on saidsecond clutch member, and a biasing member for normally biasing saidsecond member to its released position.
 2. The selectable one-way clutchof claim 1, wherein said first member is a magnetic armature that ispivotably moveable relative to a magnetic pole member of said coilassembly, wherein said armature includes a first end segment pivotablymounted to said first clutch member and a second end segmentmechanically connected to a base end segment of said second member, andwherein said second member has an engagement end segment adapted tolockingly engage said cam surfaces.
 3. The selectable one-way clutch ofclaim 2, wherein said second member is a locking strut having its baseend segment pivotably disposed within a pivot channel formed in saidfirst clutch member.
 4. The selectable one-way clutch of claim 3,wherein said armature and said locking strut are oriented in an offsetconfiguration with said second end segment of said armature disposed ina coupling channel formed in said base end segment of said lockingstrut, and wherein said biasing member acts on said base end segment ofsaid locking strut for normally biasing said locking strut to itsreleased position.
 5. The selectable one-way clutch of claim 3, whereinsaid armature and said locking strut are oriented such that saidarmature is disposed between said magnetic pole member of said coilassembly and said locking strut in an under-strut configuration.
 6. Theselectable one-way clutch of claim 2, wherein said magnetic pole memberincludes a U-shaped member having a pair of laterally-spaced legsections each having a peripheral end surface forming an air gap with anintermediate segment of said armature located between its first andsecond end segments, and wherein said second end segment of saidarmature is disposed in a pivot channel formed in said base end segmentof a locking strut.
 7. The selectable one-way clutch of claim 6, whereinsaid intermediate segment of said armature includes at least one armsegment configured to be aligned with at least one of saidlaterally-spaced leg segments of said pole member, and wherein said armsegment has a peripheral end surface forming an air gap with acorresponding one of said peripheral end surfaces of said leg segments.8. The selectable one-way clutch of claim 7, wherein said peripheral endsurface of said arm segment on said armature and said leg segment onsaid pole member are tapered.
 9. The selectable one-way clutch of claim1, wherein energization of said coil assembly generates a magneticcircuit that attracts said first member and forcibly moves said firstmember from its non-actuated position to its actuated position whichcauses said second member to move from its released position to itslocked position.
 10. The selectable one-way clutch of claim 1, whereinsaid first member is a connection member having a first end segmentpivotably mounted to said first clutch member, a second end segmentmechanically connected to said second member, and an intermediatesegment disposed between said first and second end segments, and whereinsaid coil assembly includes a linearly-moveable plunger coupled to saidintermediate segment of said connection member, said plunger operable inan extended position to permit said connection member to be located inits non-actuated position and further operable in a retracted positionto forcibly move said connection member to its actuated position formoving said second member to its locked position.
 11. The selectableone-way clutch of claim 10, wherein said second member is a lockingstrut having a base end segment pivotably mounted to said first clutchmember and an engagement end segment adapted to locking engage one ofsaid cam surfaces when said locking strut is moved into its lockedposition, and wherein said second end segment of said connection memberis pivotably coupled to said base end segment of said locking strut. 12.The selectable one-way clutch of claim 1, wherein said coil assemblyincludes a base member mounted to said first clutch member and having acenter pole piece, wherein said first member is a magnetic armaturepivotably moveable relative to said center pole piece, wherein saidarmature includes a first end segment pivotably mounted on said firstclutch member, a second end segment mechanically connected to saidsecond member, and an intermediate segment establishing a magneticcircuit with said center pole piece upon energization of said coilassembly.
 13. The selectable one-way clutch of claim 12, wherein saidsecond member is a locking strut having a base end segment pivotablymounted to said frame and an engagement end segment adapted to lockinglyengage one of said cam surface upon movement of said locking strut toits locking strut to its locked position.
 14. The selectable one-wayclutch of claim 4, wherein said second end segment of said armature isdisposed in a pivot channel formed in said base end segment of saidlocking strut.
 15. A selectable one-way clutch comprising: a firstclutch member; a second clutch member rotatable relative to said firstclutch member and having a plurality of ratchet teeth; anelectromagnetic actuator having an energizeable coil assembly secured tosaid first clutch member; a magnetic armature having a first end segmentretained in an armature pivot channel formed in said first clutch memberto facilitate pivotal movement of said armature relative to said coilassembly between a non-actuated position when said coil assembly isnon-energized and an actuated position when said coil assembly isenergized, and a second end segment; a non-magnetic strut having a basesegment disposed in a strut pivot channel formed in said first clutchmember and engaging said second end segment of said armature, and anengagement end segment, wherein movement of said armature between itsnon-actuated and actuated positions cause concomitant pivotal movementof said strut from a released position whereat said engagement endsegment is disengaged from said ratchet teeth on said second clutchmember and a locked position whereat said engagement end segment is inlatched engagement with said ratchet teeth; and a biasing membernormally biasing said strut to its released position.
 16. The selectableone-way clutch of claim 15, wherein said coil assembly includes amagnetic pole piece, and wherein an intermediate segment of saidarmature located between its first and second end segments is alignedwith said pole piece.
 17. The selectable one-way clutch of claim 16,wherein said armature and said strut are oriented in an offsetconfiguration with said second end segment of said armature disposed ina coupling channel formed in said base end segment of said strut, andwherein said biasing member acts on said base end segment of said strutfor normally biasing said locking strut to its released position. 18.The selectable one-way clutch of claim 16, wherein said armature andsaid locking strut are oriented such that said armature is disposedbetween said magnetic pole member of said coil assembly and said strutin an under-strut configuration.
 19. The selectable one-way clutch ofclaim 16, wherein energization of said coil assembly generates amagnetic circuit that attracts said intermediate segment of saidarmature toward said pole piece and forcibly moves said armature fromits non-actuated position to its actuated position which causes saidsecond end segment to act on said base segment of said strut and movesaid strut from its released position to its locked position inopposition to the biasing of said biasing member.
 20. The selectableone-way clutch of claim 19, wherein said biasing member is a strutspring disposed between said first clutch member and said base segmentof said strut.